Summary of English language lessons
By Yassine Forever
Condition
You can take my car providing that you don’t damage it.
(Main clause) (Subordinate clause)
The meaning:
I will lend you my car on condition that you don't damage it.
Verb in Future +

How much…?
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Height
Height
Height
Distance
Speed
Depth
Width
Weight
Content & structure (function) words
Sentences contain two kind of word:
Content words: are necessary and contain the meaning.
- Main verb (play, go, work…).
- Nouns.
- Adjectives (serious, nice…).
- Adverbs (carefully, quickly…).
- Demonstratives pronouns (this, that…).
- Negative auxiliaries (wasn’t, couldn’t…).
- Yes, No (auxiliary) questions.
- Wh questions.
Structure (function) words: they make the sentences correct grammatically.
- Pronouns (I, he, they…).
- Prepositions (on, the, at, to, under…).
- Articles (a, an, the).
- Conjunctions (but, and, because…).
- Auxiliary verbs (is, are, do, have, can…).
Note: Content words are stressed.Structure words are not stressed.
Comparatives & superlatives
Comparatives
We must have two elements to compare.
- Superiority
Short adjectives: adjectives of one syllable
Adj + er + than (Eg: she is taller than me.)
Long adjectives: adjectives of two or more syllables
More + adj + than (Eg: meat is more expensive than chicken.)
- Equality
As + adj + as (she is as intelligent as her brother.)
- Inferiority:
Less + adj + than (he is less intelligent than me.)
Not as + adj + as (our garden is not as large as yours).
Not so + adj + as
Summary of English language lessons
By Yassine Forever
Superlatives:
We compare one element to a group or a whole.
- Superiority:
Short adjectives: adjectives of one syllable
The + Adj + est. (Eg: Uranus is the biggest planet in the solar system.)
Long adjectives: adjectives of two or more syllables
The most + adj. (Eg: English is the most important language in the world.)
- Inferiority:
The least + adj. (Eg: the cat is the least dangerous animal.)
Adjectives
Well/good
Bad
Far
Many
Much
Little
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Comparatives
Better
Worse
Farther
More
More
Less
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Superlatives
The best
The worst
The farthest
The most
The most
The least
Similarity & difference
Expressing Similarity:
We use these expressions: like, the same as, such as, both, similar to, too.
Examples:
- She is intelligent like her brother.
- Both she and her brother are intelligent.
- She is intelligent the same as (such as) her brother.
- She is similar to her brother, they are intelligent.
- She is intelligent, her brother too.
Expressing difference:
We use these expressions: unlike, whereas, while, but, different from, in contrast to.
Examples:
- Unlike Algeria, U.S.A is a developed country.
- Algeria is different from U.S.A.
- U.S.A is a developed country but (while, whereas) Algeria is not.
- U.S.A is a developed country in contrast to Algeria.
Unless
Unless: expresses warning.
Unless = If … not
 Unless + an affirmative verb
Unless + verb present, Future (will + stem).
(Will not = won’t)
Example: Unless you revise your lessons, you won’t pass your exam.
The real meaning: If you don’t revise your lessons, you won’t pass your exam.
Articles
Indefinite articles:
a: is used before consonants (sound).
an: is used before vowels (sound).
- We use it before countable nouns that are unknown:
Eg: a table, a car, a house.
- We use it before names of profession (jobs).
Eg: a doctor, a painter.
- We use it before measurement.
Eg: a liter, an hour.
Definite articles: (the)
- We use it before adjectives to specify the category of people.
Eg: the homeless, the poor, the jobless, the rich.
- We use it before an object that is the only one.
Eg: the moon, the earth, the pyramids.
- When we talk about institutions.
Eg: the radio, the bank, the television.
- When we refer to a class of animals.
Eg: the tiger is a dangerous animal.
Summary of English language lessons
By Yassine Forever
Zero articles: (∅) no article is used.
- Before uncountable nouns. (money, oil …)
- Before abstract nouns. (Peace, happiness…)
- Before names of people & places.
- Before plural nouns.
Purpose (goal)
Expressing purpose:
We can express purpose using a number of conjunctional phrases: to, so as to, in order to, so that, in order that.
- Subject + verb +

Summary of English language lessons
By Yassine Forever
Phonetics
The final “s”:
The final “s” is pronounced in different ways, according the “Sound” before:
- “s” is pronounced

Summary of English language lessons
By Yassine Forever
Phonetics
The final “s”:
The final “s” is pronounced in different ways, according the “Sound” before:
- “s” is pronounced

Summary of English language lessons
By Yassine Forever
Phonetics
The final “s”:
The final “s” is pronounced in different ways, according the “Sound” before:
- “s” is pronounced